defensive walls

Despite wide diversity, city-states in Ancient Greece were united by a common design system that structured their architectural landscape. Cities occupied a special place in ancient culture in Greece since they were relatively independent units not only economically but also...

"It is remarkable that Sparta had no walls when all the other cities did," Elon Musk observed recently in response to a user's image of a Spartan warrior. Spartans of the Archaic and Classical periods took pride in not having...