A new review of 19 scientific studies finds that teabags may release microplastics into tea during brewing. Researchers say hot water can cause certain materials in teabags to shed tiny plastic particles into the drink.
Many teabags contain plastic components, even when they appear to be made from paper. Some pyramid-style bags use plastic mesh. Others combine plant fibers with synthetic materials. Certain cellulose bags also include plastic layers, such as polypropylene, which help seal the seams.
When exposed to heat, these materials may weaken and release microscopic fragments. Laboratory studies reported varying results. In one experiment, a single plastic teabag released billions of particles under controlled conditions, while another study reported lower counts.
Testing methods influence reported results
Researchers say these differences are largely due to testing methods. Laboratories use different filtration systems to measure particles. Filters with larger pores capture bigger fragments but allow smaller ones to pass through. Finer filters detect more particles, including those too small to see.
This variation makes direct comparisons difficult and highlights the need for standardized testing.
Multiple sources contribute to contamination
The review also shows that contamination does not come from teabags alone. Plastic particles may enter tea during packaging, processing, and preparation.
A new study finds that teabags may release microplastics into tea during brewing
Researchers say the particles can come from packaging materials, especially when exposed to hot water. Results vary, but the findings highlight how everyday habits may involve hidden exposure. pic.twitter.com/B0u9D5ZsOz
— Tom Marvolo Riddle (@tom_riddle2025) April 23, 2026
Cold bottled tea can pick up particles from water and containers. Bubble tea involves multiple contact points, including cups, lids, and straws. Each stage may increase exposure.
Scientists say detecting these particles is complex. Researchers must confirm that each particle is plastic and identify its composition. Contamination from air, lab equipment, or water can also affect results.
Plastic-related chemicals were also detected
Some studies found plastic-related chemicals in brewed tea. These include breakdown products, plasticizers, and bisphenol-type compounds.
Researchers are still investigating how these chemicals enter the drink. Hot water may draw them from the tea bag materials or from particles released during brewing. Other sources may include contamination during production.
Early lab studies explore potential effects
The review does not conclude that these particles harm human health and does not include human clinical trials. However, early laboratory studies offer initial insights.
In one study, scientists exposed small aquatic organisms known as Daphnia to liquid from plastic teabags. Researchers observed physical changes at higher exposure levels. Another study used human intestinal cell models and found that cells interacted with certain particles but showed no clear short-term damage.
Researchers say these findings are preliminary and do not reflect long-term human exposure.
Researchers urge context, not alarm
Experts say headline figures should be interpreted carefully. Reported particle counts depend on materials, methods, and testing conditions.
Tea itself remains unchanged. The concern lies in the materials used around it. Researchers say better standards and clearer labeling are needed to improve understanding.
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