Exposure to environmental toxins known as “forever chemicals” may significantly increase the likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis, according to new research that sheds light on the interplay between pollutants and chronic disease.
A study analyzing blood samples from hundreds of patients found that individuals with high concentrations of specific man-made substances were roughly twice as likely to be diagnosed with the autoimmune condition compared to those with lower levels. The research focused on two major environmental toxins: perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
“People with the highest concentrations of PFOS and PCBs had approximately twice as high odds of being diagnosed with MS, compared with those with the lowest concentrations,” said Kim Kultima, the study’s lead researcher, in a press release.
Sclerosis disrupts communication between the brain and the body
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that attacks the central nervous system, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Symptoms can range from numbness and muscle weakness to vision problems, pain, and cognitive difficulties.
The study, conducted in Sweden, analyzed blood samples from 900 people recently diagnosed with MS and compared them against samples from individuals without the disease. Researchers used statistical models to determine how strongly chemical exposure correlated with an MS diagnosis. Because individuals are rarely exposed to a single toxin in isolation, the team examined the impact of combined chemical exposures. “We could then see that an increase in total exposure was linked to higher odds of MS, even after adjusting for previously known lifestyle and genetic risk factors,” said Aina Vaivade, the study’s first author.
The findings also highlighted a complex interaction between environmental contaminants and genetics. Researchers noted that individuals carrying a specific gene variant, previously thought to lower the risk of developing MS, actually faced higher odds of the disease when exposed to elevated levels of PFOS. “We therefore think it is important to understand how environmental contaminants interact with hereditary factors, as this can provide new knowledge about the genesis of MS,” Kultima said.
PCBs, a kind of forever chemical was banned in the US in 1979
PFOs and PCBs are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, accumulating in the environment and the human body over time. While PCBs were banned in the US in 1979, they persist in the environment and older products. PFAS, a related class of chemicals designed to repel oil, water, and stains, remain in use and are found in everyday items such as nonstick pans, fast-food wrappers, and waterproof jackets.
Previous studies have linked these substances to health issues, including liver damage, high cholesterol, fertility problems, and cancer. Research also indicates they can interfere with the immune system, a disruption tied to autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Experts suggest consumers can reduce their exposure to forever chemicals, reducing their exposure to sclerosis, by filtering drinking water, avoiding nonstick cookware, and steering clear of grease-resistant food packaging. Choosing fresh, unpackaged foods and looking for “PFAS-free” labels can also help limit contact.
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