Researchers have identified 31 previously unknown shipwrecks on the floor of Lake Constance (Bodensee), a body of water on the Rhine where the borders of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland meet. The project marks a milestone in underwater archaeology.
The “Wrecks and Deep Sea” project, launched in 2022 by the State Office for Monument Preservation (LAD) in Baden-Württemberg, marks the first systematic exploration of the lake’s submerged cultural heritage.
Mapping the depths with advanced technology
Using high-resolution bathymetric data from the Institute for Lake Research (ISF) and advanced side-scan sonar imaging, the team mapped the lakebed to a depth of 251 meters (823 feet). By late 2024, they had recorded more than 250 anomalies—unusual shapes that could indicate human-made structures.
Detailed inspections with divers and remotely operated vehicles revealed that 186 of these were natural formations or modern debris. Thirty-one proved to be genuine shipwrecks, once used to carry passengers, cargo, and goods across the lake.
Notable finds include historic paddle steamers
Among the most notable finds are two large metal hulls believed to be the remains of the paddle steamers SD Baden and SD Friedrichshafen II. The Baden, originally launched as the Kaiser Wilhelm in 1871, and the Friedrichshafen II, in service from 1909, each transported up to 600 passengers in their prime.
The Friedrichshafen II was destroyed in a World War II air raid and scuttled in 1946, while the Baden was retired in 1930 and later sunk.
Cargo sailing ship preserved in rare condition
The standout discovery is a nearly intact historical cargo sailing ship, with its mast and yardarm still in place. Such preservation is rare in freshwater archaeology. Minimal colonization by invasive quagga mussels has preserved many intricate features visible, including bow fittings, belaying pins, and a toothed ratchet wheel.
Alexandra Ulisch, a scientific associate on the project, stated that the vessel offers valuable insights into sailing technology and shipbuilding on historic Lake Constance, serving as a vital reference for research.
Mysterious barrels add to the intrigue
In another location, the team discovered a debris field containing at least 17 wooden barrels, some still sealed and bearing possible branding marks. Without a nearby wreck, the cargo’s origin remains unknown. Further investigation is planned.
Methodology prioritizes preservation over salvage
The survey follows a precise process: bathymetric mapping to identify anomalies, side-scan sonar to produce detailed images of the lakebed, and diver or ROV inspections for confirmation.
Project leader Dr. Julia Goldhammer stated the initiative aims to build an entire archaeological inventory of the lake’s wrecks, documenting their condition and identifying threats. Salvage is not planned, given the cost of recovery and conservation. Instead, the focus is on documentation and long-term preservation.
Revealing the history of life on Lake Constance
Beyond their historical intrigue, the wrecks shed light on trade, transportation, and daily life in the region over the centuries. Analysis of preserved materials could reveal the origin and quality of goods transported, from building materials to raw resources.
The project will run until 2027, with additional discoveries expected as researchers continue to scan the depths of Lake Constance.
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