Archaeologists in Luxembourg have uncovered a treasure trove of 141 ancient Roman gold coins, dating back to the late fourth century. The discovery, made in the village of Holzthum, is being hailed as one of the most significant finds in the region’s history.
The coins, known as solidi, were introduced as a stable currency during the fourth century and are remarkably well-preserved. Each coin weighs about 0.16 ounces (4.5 grams) and bears the portraits of nine Roman emperors. Among them are rare coins issued during the brief reign of Emperor Eugenius, who ruled the Western Roman Empire from 392 to 394 CE.
“This is a major archaeological discovery,” announced INRA researchers in a statement, “as it is extremely rare to be able to study an entire ancient monetary deposit in its archaeological context.”
Coins found near the remains of a Roman fortified tower in Luxemburg
This extraordinary treasure has been fully uncovered after four years of excavations that began in 2020. The discovery traces back to 2019 when two amateur archaeologists found a single gold coin in a nearby field, prompting authorities to launch professional investigations led by INRA.
The site posed challenges, including unexploded munitions from World War II, which required assistance from the Luxembourg Army’s Bomb Disposal Service.
The coins were found near the remains of a Roman fortified tower, known as a burgus, which once served as a military outpost. Nearby graves and other artifacts were also uncovered, offering a glimpse into life along the Roman Empire’s frontier defenses in Gallia Belgica, a region that encompasses modern Luxembourg.
Emperor Eugenius, whose coins are among the most valuable in the hoard, is remembered for his short and turbulent reign. He was declared emperor by a powerful general following the suspicious death of Emperor Valentinian II.
His attempts to revive traditional Roman religious practices faced opposition from the Christian Eastern Roman Emperor, Theodosius I. Their conflict culminated in the Battle of Frigidus in 394 CE, where Eugenius was defeated and executed. His coins remain some of the rarest relics from this period.
Coins hoard valued at $322,000
Experts estimate the value of the hoard at approximately $322,000. Under Luxembourg’s cultural heritage laws, the landowner has been compensated for the find.
The coins and associated artifacts have been carefully studied and preserved. INRA researchers are preparing to publish their findings in a scientific journal, shedding light on the geopolitical and cultural changes of the late Roman Empire, including the growing influence of Germanic groups like the Franks.
Discussions are ongoing about where the treasure will be displayed, but officials say it will remain in Luxembourg to highlight its historical significance.
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