Archaeologists have uncovered an ancient Celtic war trumpet, one of the most complete ever found in Europe, during a dig near Thetford in Norfolk, England. The rare Iron Age artifact, known as a carnyx, was used by Celtic tribes to rally warriors and intimidate enemies in battle. Its discovery alongside a bronze boar’s head battle standard highlights the cultural and military traditions of Iron Age Britain.
The trumpet, crafted from thin metal sheets, remained remarkably intact despite being buried for around 2,000 years. It still features its pipe, mouthpiece, and bell, making it the most complete example ever recovered in Britain.
Only two others have been found across the country. This carnyx is believed to have been used by tribes such as the Iceni, who were famously led by Queen Boudica in her revolt against Roman forces in AD 60.
Battlefield symbols and the ancient Celtic war trumpet
The Romans, often fascinated by their adversaries’ instruments of war, depicted carnyces as trophies in their own art. These instruments were not only loud but also visually striking, often shaped like animal heads to inspire fear.
The boar’s head standard, also recovered from the site, was likely held aloft during battle as a symbol of strength and unity.
🔍 A rare ancient Celtic war trumpet and boar standard have been unearthed in Norfolk, offering a powerful glimpse into Iron Age Britain and its warriors. 🇬🇧 #Archaeology #IronAge #CelticHistory #Carnyx #Boudica #NorfolkFinds pic.twitter.com/9FE8lIWQW2
— Tom Marvolo Riddle (@tom_riddle2025) January 7, 2026
Made from sheet bronze, it served as a visual rallying point for troops. According to Dr. Fraser Hunter from National Museums Scotland, the boar represented courage and danger, qualities admired and feared both in hunting and combat.
The excavation, led by Pre-Construct Archaeology, also revealed five shield bosses and an unidentified iron object. The entire hoard dates from roughly 50 BC to AD 50. Once discovered, the items were removed in a single soil block and scanned to map their exact positions before undergoing conservation.
Excavation reveals a wider Iron Age hoard
Jonathan Carr, a conservator working on the project, said the metal had become extremely brittle over time. Despite this, the preservation of the trumpet was exceptional, offering a rare opportunity to study such a delicate artifact in detail.
The find has been reported to the coroner, and an inquest will determine whether it qualifies as treasure under UK law. The long-term future of the hoard is yet to be decided.
Historic England is working alongside Norfolk Museums Service, Pre-Construct Archaeology, and the National Museum of Scotland to research and preserve the artifacts.
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