Justinian I

The Byzantine Masterpiece That Asserted Imperial Control Without a Battle

Among all the treasures left behind by the Byzantine Empire, the Throne of Maximian stands out as a striking symbol of raw power and political theater. It is the Byzantines' claim to Roman identity distilled into a single object....

Belisarius: The General Who Expanded Byzantine Empire to Its Greatest Extent

Belisarius is the much underrated military commander of the Byzantine Empire who led the armies of Justinian I in reclaiming enormous swathes of the former Western Roman Empire from northern Africa to the Italian peninsula. Much of Belisarius' early military...

The Giant Whale That Terrorized Constantinople

Under Byzantine (Eastern Roman) rule, the inhabitants of Constantinople faced many threats. The Avars, Sassanids, Slavs, Crusaders, and Ottomans all laid siege to the legendary capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. However, there was one threat lurking in the waters...

The Sports Riot That Nearly Destroyed Constantinople in 532 AD

The Greek world has a troubled past of sports riots, particularly with football hooliganism, but this pervasive history goes back further than one might expect, with one instance nearly leading to the destruction of Constantinople and the overthrow of...

Byzantine Coins in China and Japan Reveal Ancient Trade Networks

A number of Byzantine coins discovered in China and Japan indicate that there was a trade link between the Byzantine Empire and China. Four Byzantine copper coins depicting Constantine I, also known as Constantine the Great (r. 303-336 AD), the...

Why Was Greek the Predominant Language of the Byzantine Empire?

Greek was the predominant language spoken in the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman). Despite Romans establishing the empire, Latin was always ranked second. The lands that Alexander the Great dominated during his conquests in Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa...

What is Hidden Under Hagia Sophia?

The former Basilica of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople) is the undisputed symbolic center of the Greek Orthodox faith, hosting millions of visitors, who are awed by its great religious, historical, and architectural importance, each year. From 537 to 1453,...