Byzantium

Greek fire was a mysterious incendiary weapon that helped the mighty Byzantine Empire survive and ensure its vast sovereignty for centuries

In 1453, the Ottomans seized Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and the life of its last emperor, Constantine Palaiologos.

Archaeologists unveiled a unique Byzantine Greek Psalm inscription at the historic Hyrcania Fortress in the Judean Desert near Jerusalem. It was discovered painted in red beneath a cross on the side of a large building stone. It contains a paraphrase...

The ties of Armenian culture and Hellenism go back at least to the 6th century BC, as a reference to Armenia was made by Greek historian Heracletus of Miletus

A Byzantine warrior whose previously-broken jaw was mended with gold thread has been unearthed in Greece; recent scholarship has revealed that he had been operated on using a technique propounded by the Greek physician Hippocrates 1,800 years earlier. Killed on...

In the early 1200s, the flourishing Roman-barbarian city of Florence was filling its banks and institutions with gold. Close to Rome and bordering on the Exarchate of Ravenna, Florence began garnering its own independence and political organization. Despite Latin...

De la Conquête de Constantinople (On the Conquest of Constantinople), one of the oldest surviving examples of French prose, is considered to be the most important historical source on the Fourth Crusade and the tragic Sack of Constantinople. As disturbing...

Israeli archaeologists recently found two areas which might have been part of the ancient city of Bethsaida, which was mentioned prominently in the Bible. A Byzantine church may be the missing link needed to establish one of them as...

Women in Greek history have persevered, protected, challenged and led in many realms over the centuries, including religion and the arts.

The brightest symbol of Western Civilization, the Parthenon, was converted to a Christian church for almost a millennium, from 500 AD to 1450